Past talk · AI/ML Seminar Series
What Generative Visual Models Understand (and Don't) About the Physical World
Research Assistant Professor, Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago
- Date & time
- Monday, March 17, 2025 · 11:00 AM
- Location
- Donald Bren Hall 4011
Abstract
Generative visual models like Stable Diffusion and Sora generate photorealistic images and videos that are nearly indistinguishable from real ones to a naive observer. However, their grasp of the physical world remains an open question: Do they understand 3D geometry, light, and object interactions, or are they mere pixel parrots of their training data? Through systematic probing, I will demonstrate that these models surprisingly learn fundamental scene properties — intrinsic images such as surface normals, depth, albedo, and shading — without explicit supervision, which enables applications like image relighting. But I will also show that this knowledge is insufficient. Careful analysis reveals unexpected failures: inconsistent shadows, multiple vanishing points, and scenes that defy basic physics. All these findings suggest these models excel at local texture synthesis but struggle with global reasoning: a crucial gap between imitation and true understanding. I will then conclude by outlining a path toward generative world models that emulate global and counterfactual reasoning, causality, and physics.
About the speaker
Anand Bhattad is a Research Assistant Professor at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago. He earned his PhD from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 2024 under the mentorship of David Forsyth. His research interests lie at the intersection of computer vision and computer graphics, with a current focus on understanding the knowledge encoded in generative models. Anand has received Outstanding Reviewer honors at ICCV 2023 and CVPR 2021, and his CVPR 2022 paper was nominated for a Best Paper Award.